鱼类休闲食品的研制

本文主要介绍了用新鲜或冻藏草鱼制作鱼肉松和五香鱼干的制作工艺，对制品的风味，工艺条件，包装材料，包装方法作了较详细的研究，根据多次实验的结果，找出了最佳工艺条件，制成了味道醇美，咸中带甜，鲜美可口，营养丰富的鱼肉制品。     

淡水鱼肝脏中维生素A1,A2含量的研究

本试验建立了用高效液相色谱法同时测定淡水鱼肝脏中的ＶＡ１和ＶＡ２的方法。以μ－Ｐｏｒａｓｉｌ３．９ｎｍ×１５０ｍｍ（Ｗａｔｅｒｓ Ｃｏ．）为色谱柱，正己烷：乙醚（８７：１３）为流动相，紫外３５０ｎｍ，荧光Ｅｘ３２５ｎｍ，Ｅｍ４８０ｎｍ双道检测，ＶＡ１和ＶＡ２的保留时间分别为２６．２５ｍｉｎ和２８．００ｍｉｎ。采用不同波长条件下的紫外吸收特性，对ＶＡ２予以定性，以ＶＡ１为内标物对ＶＡ２予以定量。实验     

The ‘pole-hooking’ method: A novel and economical technique for in situ tagging small to medium-sized fishes

We describe a new manual procedure for catching and tagging fish underwater, the ‘pole-hooking’ method, and demonstrate and discuss its advantages over standard tagging techniques (i.e. hook-and-line fishing). The new technique was designed for tagging Acanthistius brasilianus [Cuvier, M., Valenciennes, L.B., 1828. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Museau de Histoire Naturelle, Paris], a small to medium-sized fish inhabiting rocky reefs of the Argentine coast. The pole-hooking method minimizes injuries, avoids fast depressurization of fish and allows registration of the precise location of capture and release. In addition, the equipment needed is very simple and economical. The mean number of fish tagged per minute using this methodology on shallow rocky reefs (up to 25-m depth) was similar to that obtained during hook-and-line fishing sessions (ca. one tagged fish every 3 min), given similar densities of A. brasilianus in the fished reefs.     

厚颌鲂的年龄结构及生长特性

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对龙溪河厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)种群开展年龄结构与生长特性的研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂鳞片年轮结构呈疏密切割型,年轮特征显著,可用于年龄鉴定,3~4月是年轮形成高峰时间。种群由0~7龄共8个龄组组成,以低龄个体为主,1~3龄个体占83.14%,体长分布主要集中在130~250 mm间(77.71%)。体质量分布主要集中在50~250 g(64.33%)。群体总性比为♀∶♂=1∶1.03,符合1∶1理论比值。体长和鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体质量呈幂函数关系且幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,因此用Von Bertalanffy方程描述其生长特性,相关生长参数分别为:渐近体长L∞=488.89 mm,渐近体质量W∞=2486.96 g,k=0.1648,t0=-0.5453龄。体质量生长拐点Ti=6.40龄,对应体长、体质量分别为Lt=333.14 mm,Wt=746.06 g。厚颌鲂的总体生长性能逊于同属其他鱼类。     

富碘鱼面的生产工艺

介绍了富碘鱼面生产工艺，该工艺是对传统食品进行探讨性改造中较为成功的一例。它不仅提高了当地传统食品——鱼面的品质，促进了传统食品的生产，也说明我国食品行业有相当一部分商业机会是隐藏于传统食品的改造创新中。     

三峡水库小江流域常见鱼类肌肉碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

为探究三峡水库小江流域常见草食性、浮游生物食性、肉食性和杂食性鱼类肌肉的碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）生态化学计量特征，2018年1月（枯水期）和7月（丰水期）在小江流域7个设定断面，采集4种食性的鱼类样品，测定其生长特性指标，分析鱼类肌肉C、N、P生态化学计量特征及相关性。结果表明，鱼类肌肉C、N、P元素含量为34.75%~58.71%、 7.00%~15.45%、0.89%~8.21%，C:N、C:P和N:P为3.62~9.75、16.92~136.95、2.14~35.31，其中磷元素含量变化最大且是导致N:P变化的主要原因。小江流域不同食性鱼类肌肉元素组成差异不明显，其中仅草食性鱼类、浮游生物食性鱼类 的N含量和N:P显著大于肉食性鱼类和杂食性鱼类（P<0.05），其他元素及比例在各食性鱼类之间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）；不同采样断面的鱼类肌肉元素含量及比例无显著性差异（P<0.05）；相关性分析发现，小江流域鱼类肌肉N和 P含量呈负相关关系（P<0.05），除草食性外，各食性鱼类的N含量均与水体NO-3-N含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究结果对深入了解大坝干扰下水生态系统食物网营养关系及营养循环格局具有重要意义。     

Cloning, characterization and expression of cDNA containing major histocompatibility complex class I, IIα and IIβ genes of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The nucleotide sequences of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cDNA, classical MHC class Iα, non-classical MHC class Iβ, MHC class IIα and IIβ, were determined. The domain structures and antigen binding motifs of vertebrate MHC are conserved in the Japanese flounder MHC. A phylogenetic analysis supports the classification of these genes into class I and class II MHC. Classical MHC class Iα was ubiquitously expressed, whereas the non-classical MHC class Iβ was expressed mainly in lymphoid organs, gills, intestine and stomach. The MHC classes IIα and IIβ were also ubiquitously expressed.     

Habitat use by the African anabantid fish Ctenopoma muriei: implications for costs of air breathing

Abstract –  This study examined whether habitat use by the African anabantid fish Ctenopoma muriei is consistent with predictions relating to two costs of air breathing (surface travel and aerial predation). We predicted that C. muriei would be most abundant in habitats that minimize potential costs of air breathing. We quantified environmental correlates of C. muriei abundance within a series of wetland lagoons in Uganda and found that C. muriei was more abundant in shallow waters of the deepest lagoon, in vegetated habitats, and at a depth 15–30 cm below the surface. These locations may minimize cost of travel to the surface for aerial respiration, while maintaining a reasonable distance from the surface to avoid detection by aerial predators. In addition, we experimentally tested effectiveness of vegetative cover in reducing mortality of C. muriei by aerial predators (pied kingfishers) using enclosures with and without vegetation cover in a swamp pool. We found that the presence of vegetative cover significantly reduced susceptibility of C. muriei to predation by pied kingfishers when dissolved oxygen in the water was low and air-breathing frequency was potentially high.     

Genetic structure of the migratory catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) suggests homing behaviour

Abstract –  Pseudoplatystoma corruscans is distributed widely in the La Plata Basin in Brazil, where it is a very important species because of its high commercial value and ecological role as a voracious predator. This species undertakes long migrations during the dry and rainy seasons to feed and reproduce, respectively. In this study, we analysed seven microsatellite loci to test the hypotheses of the existence of a single panmictic population of P. corruscans in the La Plata Basin. All microsatellites analysed were highly polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from seven (Pcor28) to 30 (Pcor10). Across all samples, 107 alleles were detected. Thirty alleles were private, i.e., found in only one sample. Highly significant genetic differentiation was observed among samples in three of the four analyses performed: F _ST (from 0.03435 to 0.16349, P  < 0.05), Analysis of molecular variance (amova) F _ST = 8.25% ( P  < 0.0001) and amova R _ST = 9.72% ( P  < 0.0001). A microsatellite multilocus Bayesian assignment test with the programme structure confirmed the division of the fishes into six groups largely concurrent with main branches on a population neighbour-joining tree. The obtained results rejected the panmixia hypothesis. On the other hand, the documented long-distance movements of P. corruscans and the geographical scale of genetic differentiation found in this study indicate a strong tendency for fish of this species to utilise their natal nursery regions for reproduction, which represents the first demonstrated example of homing in a freshwater catfish in South America.     

鱼类解偶联蛋白（UCP）基因研究新进展

通过生理性解偶联调节氧化磷酸化效率可能是进化早期发展起来的一种普遍策略，对生命的存在至关重要. 解偶联蛋白（uncoupling protein，UCP）家族是位于线粒体内膜的转运蛋白，哺乳动物基因组中已发现5个成员，其中UCP1~UCP3紧密相关，而UCP4和UCP5（即BMCP1，brain mitochondrial carrier protein-1）与它们差异较大. UCP1~UCP4不仅在哺乳类、鸟类等恒温脊椎动物中普遍存在，而且在鱼类等变温动物中也被证实存在，但UCP5目前仅在哺乳类中被发现. 哺乳动物褐色脂肪组织的UCP1，介导呼吸链产生的质子梯度泄漏，使氧化产生的能量以热的形式散发，但鱼类等变温动物UCP1的功能尚待进一步研究确立. UCP2和UCP3在产热、控制活性氧生成、脂肪酸氧化以及肥胖、糖尿病的发生中均发挥重要作用，二者的转录调节较复杂. UCP4和UCP5与其他UCP关系较远，UCP4仅在脑中表达，而UCP5在脑中高表达，它们的功能还不十分明确，但研究表明很可能与UCP2和UCP3的功能相似.